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Resumo Objetivo Construir e validar conteúdo e aparência do protótipo do Serious game "AleitaGame" sobre amamentação e lesões mamilo-areolares. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo realizado em três etapas, sendo elas: seleção do conteúdo através de uma Scoping Review, desenvolvimento de software educativo embasado no método de Benitti, Seara e Schlindwen, e um estudo metodológico para a validação de conteúdo, aspectos técnicos e pedagógicos, realizada com seis juízes especialistas na temática. A análise descritiva foi utilizada nesse estudo, bem como o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para o instrumento de avaliação do conteúdo. Resultados O conteúdo dos casos clínicos e dos cenários simulados foi construído a partir de 115 estudos e foi validado por seis juízes em relação ao conteúdo e os aspectos técnico-pedagógicos, sendo esses os únicos que apresentaram sugestões no design e feedback do game. A versão final do serious game contém diferentes recursos de mídia e gamificação para uma interação com o tema que trata da técnica de amamentação como causa de lesão mamilo-areolar em lactantes. Conclusão O protótipo do "AleitaGame" foi validado por juízes especialistas e está adequado para a etapa final de desenvolvimento do software educativo.
Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar el contenido y la apariencia del prototipo del serious game "AleitaGame" sobre lactancia y lesiones en el pezón y areola. Métodos Se trata de un estudio realizado en tres etapas, a saber: selección de contenido a través de una Scoping Review, desarrollo del software educativo basado en el método de Benitti, Seara y Schlindwen, y un estudio metodológico para la validación del contenido, aspectos técnicos y pedagógicos, realizada con seis jueces especialistas en el tema. En este estudio se utilizó el análisis descriptivo, así como también el Índice de Validez de Contenido para el instrumento de evaluación de contenido. Resultados El contenido de los casos clínicos y de los escenarios simulados fue elaborado a partir de 115 estudios y validado por seis jueces con relación al contenido y a los aspectos técnico-pedagógicos, que fueron los únicos que presentaron sugerencias sobre el diseño y feedback del juego. La versión final del serious game contiene diferentes recursos multimedia y de gamificación para interactuar con el tema que trata sobre la técnica de lactancia como causa de lesiones en el pezón y areola en lactantes. Conclusión El prototipo de "AleitaGame" fue validado por jueces especialistas y está preparado para la etapa final de desarrollo del software educativo.
Abstract Objective To develop and validate the content and appearance of the prototype of the Serious game "AleitaGame" on breastfeeding and nipple-areolar lesions. Methods This is a study carried out in three stages, namely: content selection through a Scoping Review, development of educational software based on the Benitti, Seara and Schlindwen approach, and a methodological study for content validation, technical and pedagogical aspects, carried out with six expert judges on the subject. Descriptive analysis was used in this study, as well as the Content Validity Index for the content assessment instrument. Results The content of the clinical cases and the simulated scenarios was built from a total of 115 studies and was validated by six judges in relation to the content and the technical-pedagogical aspects, the only ones who presented suggestions in the design and feedback of the game. The final version of the serious game contains different media and gamification resources for an interaction with the theme that deals with the breastfeeding technique as a cause of nipple-areolar lesion in lactating women. Conclusion The "AleitaGame" prototype was validated by expert judges and is suitable for the final stage of educational software development.
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RESUMO Objetivo Construir, validar e testar um cenário de simulação clínica de alta fidelidade para o manejo da sepse. Método Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três fases: construção do cenário de simulação utilizando o framework Modelo de Simulação de Ensino em Enfermagem e os protocolos instituídos pelo Instituto Latino Americano de Sepse; validação do conteúdo por nove juízes; e o teste do cenário por dois enfermeiros de uma instituição hospitalar. A análise dos dados se deu pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, considerando-se adequado um valor > 0,90 entre os juízes. Resultados O cenário de simulação mostrou-se apropriado, obtendo valor geral > 0,90. No entanto, foram feitos alguns ajustes no cenário e no teste no que tange à clareza da redação, às funcionalidades e à pertinência de protocolos, conforme sugestão dos juízes. Conclusão Espera-se que o cenário de simulação validado seja um instrumento facilitador para docentes e profissionais de núcleos de educação permanente/continuada de instituições de ensino e saúde.
RESUMEN Objetivo Construir, validar y probar un escenario de simulación clínica de alta fidelidad para el manejo de la sepsis. Método Estudio metodológico desarrollado en tres fases: construcción del escenario de simulación utilizando el framework del Modelo de Simulación de Enseñanza de Enfermería y los protocolos instituidos por el Instituto Latinoamericano de Sepsis; validación del contenido por nueve jueces; y prueba del escenario por dos enfermeras de una institución hospitalaria. Los datos fueron analizados por el Índice de Validez de Contenido, considerando un valor > 0,90 entre los jueces. Resultados El escenario de la simulación fue apropiado, obteniendo un valor global > 0,90. Sin embargo, se hicieron algunos ajustes en el escenario y la prueba en cuanto a la claridad de la redacción, la funcionalidad y la pertinencia de los protocolos, como sugirieron los jueces. Conclusión Se espera que el escenario de simulación validado sea una herramienta facilitadora para los profesores y profesionales de los centros de educación permanente/continuada de las instituciones de educación y salud.
ABSTRACT Objective To build, validate and test a high-fidelity clinical simulation scenario for sepsis management. Method Methodological study developed in three phases: construction of a simulation scenario using the framework Model of Nursing Training Simulation and protocols established by the Latin-American Sepsis Institute, content validation by nine judges, and scenario testing by two nurses from a hospital institution. Data analysis was carried out through Content Validity Index, with values > 0.90 among the judges being considered satisfactory. Results The simulation scenario was observed to be appropriate and obtained an overall value > 0.90. However, some adjustments to the scenario and the test were performed concerning textual clarity, functionality, and the protocol's pertinence, following the judges' suggestions. Conclusion The validated simulation scenario is expected to be a facilitator instrument for educators and professionals in the permanent/continued education nuclei of teaching and health institutions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Simulation , Sepsis/diagnosis , Simulation Training , Nursing Methodology Research , Models, Educational , Education, NursingABSTRACT
Abstract: Model-based research has been enhancing the positive effectiveness of both Sport Education and Step-Game Approach on students' technical, tactical and game-play improvements. Nevertheless, the analysis of students' declarative understanding on the game in this area was scarce. This study examined their declarative understanding on the game during their participation in a hybrid Sport Education/Step-Game Approach teaching unit. Ninety-six students with no previous experience in either model participated in a 24-lesson volleyball season. A video-based test was developed to assess students' declarative game understanding and applied before and after the teaching unit. Results showed that they improved in all tactical content taught during the unit. These results can find explanation on Sport Education features such as cooperative team practices and the possibility for being in roles other than players. Beyond that, instructional procedures considered by the Step-Game-Approach stimulated the development of students' tactical awareness.
Resumo: A investigação nos modelos instrucionais tem enaltecido o impacto positivo do Modelo de Educação Desportiva e do Modelo de Abordagem Progressiva ao Jogo no desenvolvimento técnico e tático dos alunos, assim como no desempenho geral no jogo. Todavia, a análise do conhecimento tático dos alunos neste âmbito tem sido escassa. O presente estudo tem como propósito analisar o conhecimento tático declarativo dos alunos durante uma unidade híbrida desses dois modelos na modalidade de voleibol. Noventa e seis alunos sem experiência prévia nos dois modelos participaram numa época desportiva com 24 aulas. Foi desenvolvido um teste de vídeo para analisar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático declarativo dos alunos, o qual foi aplicado antes e depois da unidade. Todos os alunos melhoraram nos conteúdos táticos ensinados, o que pode encontrar explicação no trabalho colaborativo em equipas, na possibilidade dos alunos participarem noutros papéis para além de jogadores e nos processos instrucionais, características dos dois modelos.
Resumen: La investigación en los modelos de instrucción ha enaltecido el impacto positivo del Modelo de Educación Deportiva y del Modelo de Aproximación Progresiva al Juego en el desarrollo técnico y táctico de los alumnos, así como también en el desempeño general en el juego. Sin embargo, el análisis del conocimiento táctico de los alumnos en este ámbito ha sido escaso. El presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar el conocimiento táctico declarado de los alumnos durante una unidad híbrida de estos dos modelos en la modalidad de Voleibol. 96 alumnos sin experiencia previa en los dos modelos participaron en una temporada deportiva con 24 clases. Se desarrolló un test de vídeo para analizar el desarrollo del conocimiento táctico declarado de los alumnos, que se aplicó antes y después de la unidad. Todos los alumnos mejoraron en los contenidos tácticos enseñados, lo que puede encontrar explicación en el trabajo colaborativo en equipos, en la posibilidad de que los alumnos participen en otros papeles además de como jugadores y en los procesos de instrucción, características de los dos modelos.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Students , Models, Educational , Comprehension , Volleyball , Physical Education and Training , LearningABSTRACT
This study is an updated review of the most recent implementations of the Sport Education Model (SEM) from 1st to 12th grades (ages 6-18), including the newest research trends for future studies. A systematic review conducted from 2013 to 2017 used the main reference databases and original articles including information about instances of SEM implementation in any school grade. Results showed that SEM implementation has expanded enormously over the last five years to include all learning domains: physical, social, cognitive, and affective. However, such implementation is not easy and it demands specific teacher training. SEM seems to be a proper pedagogical approach for sports practice while developing motor skills, tactical-technical knowledge, and values
Este estudo consistiu em oferecer uma revisão atualizada das implementações mais recentes do Modelo de Sport Education (SEM) do primeiro ao 12º ano (6-18 anos), incluindo as mais novas tendências de pesquisa para estudos futuros. Uma revisão sistemática de 2013 a 2017 foi realizada utilizando os bancos de dados de maior referência e os artigos originais que incluíam informações sobre as implementações do SEM em qualquer grau escolar. A implementação do SEM expandiu-se enormemente nos últimos cinco anos para incluir todos os diferentes domínios de aprendizagem: físico, social, cognitivo e afetivo. Entretanto, a implementação do SEM não é fácil e precisa de formação específica de professores. O SEM parece ser uma abordagem pedagógica adequada para praticar esporte, ao mesmo tempo em que desenvolve habilidades motoras, conhecimento técnico-tático e valores
El objetivo del estudio fue ofrecer una revisión de las implementaciones más recientes del Modelo Sport Education (SEM), desde primero de Educación Primaria hasta segundo de Bachillerato (6-18 años), incluyendo las más nuevas tendencias de investigación para estudios futuros. Se realizó una revisión sistemática desde 2013 hasta 2017, usando las principales bases de datos y los artículos originales que incluían informaciones sobre las implementaciones del SEM en cualquier grado escolar. La implementación del SEM se ha expandido enormemente en los últimos cinco años para incluir a todos los dominios del aprendizaje: físico, social, cognitivo y afectivo. Sin embargo, dicha implementación no es fácil y requiere formación específica del profesorado. El SEM parece un abordaje pedagógico adecuado para practicar deporte, al mismo tiempo que desarrolla habilidades motoras, conocimiento técnico-táctico y valores
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Humans , Physical Education and Training , Models, Educational , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
Medical education in Chile has a good research productivity. National educators are skilled in complex curricular design processes and in didactic innovation. However, the question of what it means to be doctor in a society that moves towards interculturality, has not been addressed thoroughly. Using the structure of a clinical record, we outline our critical view about the relationship between medical education and diversity. To describe the medical history, we refer to some variables of the training process such as the Hegemonic Model of Medicine, the epistemological beliefs of the students, the hidden curriculum and the educational environment. Then, the empirical evidence of the clinical picture, diagnosis and internationally recommended treatment is described, to end with a local therapeutic proposal.
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Humans , Male , Female , Cultural Diversity , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards , Students, Medical , Chile , Curriculum/standards , Cultural Competency , Minority GroupsABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Este artigo teve dois objetivos principais: apresentar um breve resumo de conceitos cognitivos introdutórios sobre aprendizagem e instrução na simulação, incluindo as diretrizes de desenho instrucional; e oferecer uma visão geral quanto às evidências disponíveis sobre perspectivas instrucionais na efetividade da simulação na saúde, diferentes formatos instrucionais da simulação, fidelidade e local da simulação. MÉTODOS: Uma busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, ERIC, LILACS e SciELO, a partir dos termos "simulação em saúde", "efetividade da simulação", "treinamento", "diretrizes de desenho instrucional", "aprendizagem complexa" e "transferência da aprendizagem" e seus correspondentes em inglês. O início das datas de publicação não foi especificado e a última busca foi conduzida em 19 de setembro de 2017. Todos os artigos em inglês e português foram considerados para inclusão. Artigos específicos foram intencionalmente incluídos em busca de conceitos introdutórios. RESULTADOS: A busca identificou 3.196 artigos nas diferentes bases de dados. Após avaliação preliminar de títulos, resumos e análise de conteúdo, foram selecionados 56 artigos. Adicionalmente, nove artigos clássicos e um livro foram intencionalmente incluídos para a apresentação de conceitos cognitivos sobre aprendizagem e instrução, resultando em 66 referências consultadas em detalhes para esta revisão. CONCLUSÕES: A simulação oferece a oportunidade de aprendizagem ativa para profissionais de saúde ao proporcionar um ambiente de aprendizagem complexa, com integração do conhecimento, habilidades e atitudes. Com potencial de impacto nos diferentes níveis de aprendizagem, comportamento e resultados, especial atenção deve ser dada ao formato instrucional da simulação. Entre as diretrizes de desenho instrucional, destaca-se a autenticidade como um dos elementos de fundamental relevância para a aprendizagem. Outros elementos instrucionais, como complexidade crescente, local do treinamento adequado, debriefing, oportunidade de autoavaliação e outras formas de avaliação, têm também influência positiva e devem ser utilizados no planejamento de diferentes desenhos instrucionais da simulação.
AIMS: This article had two main objectives: to present a brief summary of introductory cognitive concepts on learning and instruction for simulation, including instructional design guidelines; and provide an overview of the current available evidence on the instructional perspectives on healthcare simulation training effectiveness, in particular with regards to simulation formats, fidelity and simulation site. METHODS: We searched for articles at MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, ERIC, LILACS and SciELO databases, using the keywords "instructional design guidelines", "healthcare simulation", "simulation training", "simulation effectiveness", "complex learning", and "transfer of learning". No specific beginning date of publication was specified and last date of search was September 19th 2017. All articles in English and Portuguese were considered for inclusion with no specific exclusion criteria. A few articles were purposefully selected in search of introductory concepts on learning and instruction. RESULTS: Our search retrieved 3196 articles in the different databases. After preliminary title, abstract and content analysis, we selected 56 articles. Additionally, nine traditional articles and one book were included to present the best available evidence, reviews, reflections and critiques on simulation instructional perspectives, resulting in 66 references consulted in detail for this review. CONCLUSIONS: Simulation offers the opportunity for active learning for health professionals by providing a complex learning environment with integration of knowledge, skills and attitudes. With potential impact on the different levels of learning, behavior and results, special attention should be given to the instructional format of the simulation. Among the instructional design guidelines, authenticity stands out as one of the elements of fundamental relevance for learning. Other instructional elements, such as increasing complexity, proper training location, debriefing, self-assessment opportunity, and other forms of assessment, also have positive influence and should be used in planning different simulation instructional designs.
Subject(s)
Health Education , Models, Educational , Education, MedicalABSTRACT
Introducción: Según la teoría del aprendizaje basada en la experiencia, cada persona desarrolla un estilo de aprendizaje que caracteriza su forma de adquirir y transformar experiencias para crear conocimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: Se aplicó el Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje a los estudiantes de los tres primeros semestres de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana durante el segundo semestre del 2009. Resultados: Se encuestaron 204 estudiantes (la edad media fue 18,5 años; 55% eran mujeres). Prevalecieron los estilos de aprendizaje abstractos, que incluyen el estilo asimilador (47%) y el convergente (27%). Discusión: Conocer el estilo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes puede ayudar a los profesores a diseñar estrategias de enseñanza que favorezcan un aprendizaje más efectivo. Paralelamente, conviene proporcionarles una variedad de contextos de aprendizaje que promuevan el fortalecimiento de sus habilidades.
Introduction: According to the experiential learning theory, each person develops a learning style that characterizes her preferred way to acquire and transform experiences to create knowledge. The objective of this study was to identify the learning styles of undergraduate medical students. Methods: The Kolb Learning Style Inventory was applied to first-year medical students at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá, Colombia) during the second period of 2009. Results: 204 students completed the questionnaire (the average age was 18.5 years; 55% were women). Students preferred the abstract styles of learning, including assimilating (47%) and convergent (27%) styles. Conclusions: Having information about medical students learning style preferences can help educators to design teaching strategies that promote a more effective learning. Teachers should provide a variety of learning contexts to stimulate the strengthening of their abilities.
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Humans , Students, Medical , Models, Educational , LearningABSTRACT
Background: Training of innovative health professionals is necessary for the development of an effective health system in a limited resources context. However, the professionals underestimate their innovative role and receive sparse training in this issue. Meanwhile, industrial designers are trained to innovate but have a weak knowledge about health issues. Aim: To describe the outcomes of a study based on Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) where health and industrial design students learned about product development aimed to solve health problems. Material and Methods: Twenty industrial design students, seven health care students and nine teachers of both disciplines participated in a User Centered Design workshop. Using the CBL method, they were challenged to develop products to tackle a health problem. At the end of the challenge, teachers and students evaluated the products using a semantic differential method and answered a questionnaire assessing the activity. Results: In the semantic differential method, all participants evaluated usefulness, functionality and organization of the product rather than its originality. The greatest discrepancies in evaluation were found between design and health teachers. Students positively evaluated the challenge, although the weakest point was its coordination. Conclusions: CBL and interdisciplinary work are adequate tools for the development of innovative competences, as well as understanding the central elements of innovation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Teaching/education , Equipment Design/methods , Interdisciplinary Placement/methods , Perception , Semantic Differential , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mental CompetencyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Breaking bad news is one of doctors' duties and it requires them to have some skills, given that this situation is difficult and distressful for patients and their families. Moreover, it is also an uncomfortable condition for doctors. The aim of this study was to evaluate doctors' capacity to break bad news, ascertain which specialties are best prepared for doing this and assess the importance of including this topic within undergraduate courses. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional quantitative study conducted at a university hospital in Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. METHODS: This study used a questionnaire based on the SPIKES protocol, which was answered by 121 doctors at this university hospital. This questionnaire investigated their attitudes, posture, behavior and fears relating to breaking bad news. RESULTS: The majority of the doctors did not have problems regarding the concept of bad news. Nevertheless, their abilities diverged depending on the stage of the protocol and on their specialty and length of time since graduation. Generally, doctors who had graduated more than ten years before this survey felt more comfortable and confident, and thus transmitted the bad news in a better conducted manner. CONCLUSION: Much needs to be improved regarding this technique. Therefore, inclusion of this topic in undergraduate courses is necessary and proposals should be put forward and verified.
RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Dar más notícias, além de dever do médico, requer certas habilidades de sua parte, por se tratar de situação difícil e angustiante para o paciente e seus familiares, assim como desconfortável para os profissionais da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a capacidade dos médicos em dar más notícias, assim como as especialidades mais preparadas e a importância da inclusão do tema para a graduação. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo, realizado em hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo utilizou de questionário baseado no protocolo SPIKES que foi respondido por 121 médicos deste hospital universitário. O questionário investigou suas atitudes, posturas, modos e medos em relação a dar más notícias. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos médicos não teve problemas quanto ao conceito de más notícias, contudo, as habilidades divergiram dependendo da etapa do protocolo, assim como quanto a especialidade e tempo de formado. De modo geral, os médicos formados há mais de 10 anos se sentem mais confortáveis e confiantes, e transmitem tal informação de maneira mais bem conduzida. CONCLUSÃO: Muito se tem a aprimorar em relação a essa técnica. Desse modo, a inclusão do tema durante a graduação é necessária e propostas devem ser sugeridas e averiguadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Physician-Patient Relations , Truth Disclosure , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El modelo pedagógico de aprendizaje híbrido es cada vez más utilizado en la educación superior, por el hecho de que promueve cambios significativos en el aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo es facilitar una propuesta teórica sobre la metodología clase invertida, para su implementación en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Facultad Piloto de Odontología de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Esta concepción implica la apertura a oportunidades efectivas de diálogo y construcción colaborativa de contenidos, así como la promoción de la cultura digital en función de las actividades de colaboración y cooperación entre directivos y profesores para actuar de manera diferente en el aula.
The pedagogical hybrid learning model is increasingly used in higher education, due to the fact that it promotes significant changes in learning. The objective of this article is to facilitate a theoretical proposal on the inverted class methodology, for its implementation in the teaching process of the Dentistry Experimental Faculty of the Guayaquil University. This concept implies opening effective opportunities for dialogue and collaborative content construction, as well as the promotion of digital culture in terms of collaboration and cooperation between managers and teachers to act differently in the classroom.
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El aprendizaje es un tema de discusión constante en el ámbito de las ciencias pedagógicas. Dentro de este, el protagonismo del estudiante es un tema complejo, al cual se presenta como alternativa el aprendizaje basado en problemas. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de las investigaciones que apoyan la efectividad del aprendizaje basado en problemas, como método de enseñanza en la educación odontológica. Este concepto fue introducido en la década del 60, en Canadá, como respuesta a los problemas y limitaciones de los enfoques tradicionales de enseñanza. Se exponen y debaten los aspectos teóricos del enfoque de aprendizaje basado en problemas, así como sus diferentes tendencias, extrapolables a la educación odontológica. El aprendizaje basado en problemas puede mejorar el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de odontología, enseñándoles a analizar y resolver problemas reales, que los preparen para su futura vida profesional.
Learning is a topic of constant discussion in the pedagogical sciences field. Within this, the student protagonism is a complex subject, which has as an alternative problem based learning. The aim of this article is to review the research supporting the effectiveness of problem based learning as a teaching method in dental education. This concept was introduced in the 1960s in Canada in response to the problems and limitations of traditional approaches to teaching. The theoretical aspects of problem based approach to learning, as well as its different trends, extrapolated to dentistry education, are presented and discussed. Problem based learning can improve dentistry students' critical thinking by teaching them to analyze and solve real problems which prepare them for their future professional life.
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La modalidad de educación a distancia por medio de plataformas gestoras, al ser un entorno pedagógico con sus particularidades, requiere de la incorporación de los supuestos teóricos del aprendizaje desarrollador. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la inclusión educativa en el contexto de la educación a distancia, con énfasis en el uso de determinados mediadores como vía pedagógica de solución a esta problemática. Sobre las bases teóricas del aprendizaje desarrollador y las concepciones epistemológicas de los mediadores en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, se desarrollan esquemas sobre la didáctica de los mediadores, elementos fundamentales para garantizar una educación inclusiva en la modalidad de educación a distancia.
The mode of distance education through management platforms, being a pedagogical environment with its particularities, requires the incorporation of the theoretical assumptions of developing learning. The objective of the present work is to analyze educational inclusion in the context of distance education, with emphasis on the use of certain mediators as a pedagogical way of solving this problem. On the theoretical bases of the developing learning and the mediators´ epistemological conceptions in the process of teaching learning, schemes are developed on mediators´ didactics, fundamental elements to guarantee an inclusive education in the modality of distance education.
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BACKGROUND: Nonliving chickens are commonly used as a microvascular anastomosis training model. However, previous studies have investigated only a few types of vessel, and no study has compared the characteristics of the various vessels. The present study evaluated the anatomic characteristics of various chicken vessels as a training model. METHODS: Eight vessels—the brachial artery, basilic vein, radial artery, ulnar artery, ischiatic artery and vein, cranial tibial artery, and common dorsal metatarsal artery—were evaluated in 26 fresh chickens and 30 chicken feet for external diameter (ED) and thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media. The dissection time from skin incision to application of vessel clamps was also measured. RESULTS: The EDs of the vessels varied. The ischiatic vein had the largest ED of 2.69±0.33 mm, followed by the basilic vein (1.88±0.36 mm), ischiatic artery (1.68±0.24 mm), common dorsal metatarsal artery (1.23±0.23 mm), cranial tibial artery (1.18±0.19 mm), brachial artery (1.08±0.15 mm), ulnar artery (0.82±0.13 mm), and radial artery (0.56±0.12 mm), and the order of size was consistent across all subjects. Thicknesses of the tunica adventitia and media were also diverse, ranging from 74.09±19.91 µm to 158.66±40.25 µm (adventitia) and from 31.2±7.13 µm to 154.15±46.48 µm (media), respectively. Mean dissection time was <3 minutes for all vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that nonliving chickens can provide various vessels with different anatomic characteristics, which can allow trainees the choice of an appropriate microvascular anastomosis training model depending on their purpose and skillfulness.
Subject(s)
Adventitia , Anastomosis, Surgical , Arteries , Brachial Artery , Chickens , Foot , Metatarsal Bones , Models, Educational , Ocimum basilicum , Radial Artery , Skin , Tibial Arteries , Ulnar Artery , VeinsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras es un factor de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles; con el fin de promover su consumo se vienen implementando diversas estrategias que incluyen ayudas como los juegos de mesa reglados, los cuales deben ser validados para garantizar su efectividad. Objetivo: validar el juego "Chefcitos" diseñado para promover hábitos de vida saludable y el consumo de frutas y verduras en niños entre 7 y 12 años. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo, con doce niños, entre 7 y 12 años de edad, de la Institución Educativa José Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta, del Municipio de Copacabana, Colombia. Se diseñó el juego y se validó con información recogida a partir de la técnica del grupo focal, la observación participante y dos cuestionarios, uno inicial y otro final. Las categorías previas siguiendo la literatura en el tema, fueron: atractividad, entendimiento, identificación, aceptación y persuasión o inducción a la acción. Resultados y discusión: el juego "Chefcitos" es una ayuda educativa válida para promover el consumo de frutas y verduras, además de algunos hábitos de vida saludable, Conclusión: el proceso de validación es necesario antes de usar ayudas educativas con el fin de valorar su pertinencia, validez y potencialidad para motivar la adopción voluntaria de conductas saludables.
Background: The low consumption of fruits and vegetables is a risk factor for chronic non communicable diseases, to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables in children several strategies and aids have been developed. One of this aid are the table games. These should be validated to ensure its effectiveness. Objective: To validate the "Chefcitos" game (game´s name, as a little chef) designed to promote healthy lifestyles and the consumption of fruits and vegetables in children over seven years of age. Materials and methods: A qualitative study, with twelve children aged between seven and twelve years from José Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta School, Copacabana, Colombia. The game was designed and validated; Information was collected by focus groups and participant observation, and pre and posttest. The categories of analysis were: attractiveness, understanding, identification, acceptance and persuasion or inducement to action. Results and discussion: The game "Chefcitos" is a valid educational aid to promote consumption of fruits and vegetables, and healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: The validation process is necessary before using educational aids in order to assess its potential to encourage voluntary adoption of healthy behaviors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Food and Nutrition Education , Child Nutrition , Health Promotion , Diet, HealthyABSTRACT
Background: In a rapidly changing culture like ours, with emphasis on productivity, there is a strong need to find the meaning of health care work using learning instances that privilege reflection and face to face contact with others. The Diploma in Health and Humanization (DSH), was developed as an interdisciplinary space for training on issues related to humanization. Aim: To analyze the experience of DSH aiming to identify the elements that students considered key factors for the success of the program. Material and Methods: We conducted a focus group with DSH graduates, identifying factors associated with satisfaction. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by two independent reviewers. Results: DSH graduates valued a safe space, personal interaction, dialogue and respect as learning tools of the DSH. They also appreciates the opportunity to have emotional interactions among students and between them and the teacher as well as the opportunity to share personal stories and their own search for meaning. Discussion: DSH is a learning experience in which their graduates value the ability to think about their vocation and the affective interaction with peers and teachers. We hope to contribute to the development of face to face courses in the area of humanization. Face to face methodology is an excellent teaching technique for contents related to the meaning of work, and more specifically, to a group of learners that require affective communication and a personal connection of their work with their own values and beliefs.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Health Personnel/education , Humanism , Interpersonal Relations , Learning , Focus Groups , Motivation , Personal Satisfaction , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Objective To explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing upgrade students during blended learning model so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching model of nursing educators.Methods Phenomenological research of qualitative research was used.Four focus groups,25 upgrade nursing students were interviewed in-depth.Results Six themes were sublimated:relief the contradiction between work and study,promote communication in double interaction,improve self-learning ability,improve selfconfidence as learning controllability,online courses lack a sense of belonging,lack of skills support.Conclusions Blended learning model meets students,needs,provides students with personalized learning and improves comprehensive quality.However,the development of blended learning model in China is in the primary stage,we should combine conditions and reference foreign experience to develop it.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the acquisition of basic laparoscopic skills of Medical students trained on a surgical simulator. Methods First- and second-year Medical students participated on a laparoscopic training program on simulators. None of the students had previous classes of surgical technique, exposure to surgical practice nor training prior to the enrollment in to the study. Students´ time were collected before and after the 150-minute training. Skill acquisition was measured comparing time and scores of students and senior instructors of laparoscopic surgery Results Sixty-eight students participated of the study, with a mean age of 20.4 years, with a predominance of first-year students (62%). All students improved performance in score and time, after training (p<0,001). Score improvement in the exercises ranged from 294.1 to 823%. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that second-year Medical students have achieved higher performance after training. Conclusions Medical students who had never been exposed to surgical techniques can acquire basic laparoscopic skills after training in simulators. Second-year undergraduates had better performance than first-year students. .
Objetivo Avaliar o aprendizado de habilidades laparoscópicas básicas em estudantes de Medicina submetidos a treinamento em um simulador. Métodos Estudantes de Medicina do primeiro e segundo ano participaram de um treinamento de exercícios de laparoscopia em simuladores. Nenhum estudante havia cursado a disciplina de técnica operatória ou teve exposição prévia a cirurgias ou treinamento cirúrgico. Os mesmos tiveram seu tempo coletado antes e após treinamento de 150 minutos. A aquisição de habilidade foi medida comparando tempo e pontuações dos alunos em relação a cirurgiões instrutores em cirurgia laparoscópica. Resultados O trabalho teve a participação de 68 alunos, com média de idade de 20,4 anos. Houve predomínio de alunos do primeiro ano (62%). Na comparação pré e pós-treino, todos os alunos obtiveram melhora de desempenho em pontuação e tempo dos exercícios, com significância estatística (p<0,001). A pontuação apresentou variação de melhora de 294.1 a 823%. Análise univariada e multivariada identificaram que alunos do segundo ano obtiveram um maior ganho de desempenho com o treinamento. Conclusões Estudantes de Medicina nunca expostos à técnicas cirúrgicas adquirem habilidades laparoscópicas básicas em treinamento sistematizado em simuladores. Alunos do segundo ano apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação a alunos do primeiro ano. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Clinical Competence , Computer Simulation , Education, Medical/methods , Laparoscopy/education , Longitudinal Studies , Models, Educational , Multivariate Analysis , Prospective Studies , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background: Self-directed learning (SDL) skills are particularly important in medical education, considering that physicians should be able to regulate their own learning experiences. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between learning styles and strategies and self-directed learning in medical students. Material and Methods: One hundred ninety nine first year medical students (120 males) participated in the study. Preparation for Independent Learning (EPAI) scale was used to assess self-direction. Schmeck learning strategies scale and Honey and Alonso (CHAEA) scales were used to evaluate learning styles and strategies. Results: Theoretical learning style and deep processing learning strategy had positive correlations with self-direct learning. Conclusions: Medical students with theoretical styles and low retention of facts are those with greater ability to self-direct their learning. Further studies are required to determine the relationship between learning styles and strategies with SDL in medical students. The acquired knowledge will allow the adjustment of teaching strategies to encourage SDL.